Cewl is an open source tool used to generate custom password lists by extracting words from websites. It visits a web page and analyzes its content to extract common words that can be used in brute force attacks or dictionary attacks against authentication systems. It also supports options such as specifying crawl depth, filtering words based on length, and generating custom lists for attackers and penetration testers. Potential harms of this tool are that it can be used to collect potential passwords from corporate or individual websites, which facilitates attacks on their accounts. It can also be exploited to target users who use passwords inspired by their personal or professional websites, which increases the chances of hacking. It can also be used to gather intelligence about companies to facilitate phishing or social engineering attacks. To protect against these risks, it is recommended to use random and unexpected passwords that do not rely on common words in personal or professional websites. It is also recommended to enable two-factor authentication (2FA) to protect accounts even if passwords are leaked. In addition, it is recommended to monitor server logs to detect any suspicious activity related to crawling tools such as Cewl and configure site security settings to prevent unauthorized crawling via the robots.txt file or other protection mechanisms.

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