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To Explain

Social engineering is a type of attack that targets people rather than technical systems, where the attacker relies on psychological manipulation to trick the victim into revealing sensitive information or performing malicious actions. These attacks are divided into several types, including phishing, which is carried out through fake emails with the aim of stealing user data such as passwords and banking information; vishing, which uses phone calls to impersonate a trusted party; text phishing, which targets victims with messages containing malicious links; bait attacks, where an enticing object such as a USB drive or electronic file containing malware is presented; reverse engineering, where the attacker impersonates an administrator or technical support employee to trick the victim into revealing sensitive information; and fishtail attacks, where the attacker exploits the goodwill of employees to gain unauthorized access to restricted areas. These attacks are characterized by their complexity because they rely more on persuasion and deception skills than technical skills and are difficult to detect by traditional security systems such as firewalls and antivirus software, and they continue to evolve as human communication methods change. To bypass protection, the attacker relies on gathering accurate information about the victim by searching social media and exploiting feelings of fear or haste to push the victim to make ill-considered decisions, in addition to professionally impersonating trusted entities to deceive the target. Among the tools used in this type of attack are Maltego to extract and analyze data related to the target, Social Engineering Toolkit to carry out professional phishing attacks, and OSINT Framework to collect general information about potential victims, in addition to identity theft and fake communications programs such as SpoofCard or Caller ID Spoofing. These attacks cause serious damage such as theft of personal data and banking information, hacking electronic accounts, leaking corporate data, and exposing individuals and institutions to financial or legal losses. To protect against them, security awareness must be raised among individuals and employees must be trained on how to recognize social engineering attempts, in addition to always verifying the identity of callers or senders, not sharing sensitive information without verifying the party requesting it, using two-factor authentication to protect electronic accounts, and updating security policies in companies to monitor any suspicious activities and report them immediately.

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