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To Explain

Web Application Attacks: Threats, Tools, and Response Web application attacks are among the most dangerous threats to online systems, as attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in code or security settings to perform malicious operations. Among the most common of these attacks is the XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attack, which relies on injecting malicious JavaScript code into targeted sites, allowing the attacker to steal session data or redirect users to malicious pages. Methods of bypassing protection in this type of attack rely on encrypting the payload or exploiting unexpected entry points, while it is countered by activating Content Security Policy (CSP) and strictly filtering the inputs. On the other hand, the SQL Injection attack is one of the most dangerous vulnerabilities in databases, where the attacker injects malicious SQL queries to manipulate the database or extract sensitive information. These attacks are carried out using tools such as SQLmap, which can easily detect and exploit SQLi vulnerabilities, while protection can be bypassed by using SQL comments or exploiting logical vulnerabilities in search queries. To protect against this type of attack, it is advisable to use Prepared Statements and restrict user permissions in databases. The threats do not stop there, there is also the CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attack, which exploits the user's trust in the site to perform unauthorized operations, such as transferring money or changing personal settings without their knowledge. These attacks are carried out by forging requests and sending them to victims via other sites, making them difficult to detect. In some cases, protection can be bypassed when there are no CSRF Tokens or when only session-based authentication is relied upon. To avoid these attacks, unique CSRF Tokens are used for each request, with the Referer Header checked to prevent untrusted requests. In addition to these attacks, there is the Clickjacking attack, which relies on exploiting hidden frames within web pages to trick users into clicking on invisible links or buttons, allowing the attacker to perform sensitive operations on their behalf. This type of attack is carried out using IFrame Overlay Scripts or tools like BeEF to exploit the user's interaction with the page. To combat these attacks, X-Frame-Options are enabled to prevent the site from loading inside a frame, and JavaScript is used to detect any attempt to load the page in an unfamiliar environment. Session Hijacking is a direct threat to user sessions, where the attacker seeks to steal cookies in order to take control of the victim’s accounts. This attack can be carried out by analyzing traffic using Wireshark or via XSS attacks to steal sessions directly from the browser. Protection methods include enabling HTTPS to prevent data interception, using HttpOnly Cookies to protect sessions from being accessed via JavaScript, and renewing the session ID after each login to reduce the risk of hacking. Ultimately, protection against these attacks remains a shared responsibility between developers and users, as developers must adhere to security best practices, while users need to be careful when interacting with untrusted links and pages. Implementing the right security strategies, such as web application firewalls (WAFs) and using multi-factor authentication, can be the first line of defense against these ongoing threats.

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