SQLmap is an open source tool used in cybersecurity to detect and exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities in databases. It relies on automation to test websites against SQL vulnerabilities, allowing attackers or penetration testers to extract data, modify it, or even take control of the entire database if it is not well protected. SQLmap supports multiple types of databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, and Oracle, and allows advanced techniques such as automatic guessing of the database type, bypassing firewalls, executing operating system commands, and having high privileges within the system. In cybersecurity, this tool is used to test the security of web applications that rely on databases, where security researchers and developers can identify and fix vulnerabilities before they are exploited by attackers. To protect against SQLmap scans and threats, it is recommended to use prepared statements instead of dynamic queries, enable a WAF (Web Application Firewall) to detect and block malicious requests, and restrict privileges on databases so that normal users cannot execute sensitive commands. Developers should also perform regular security testing to ensure that there are no vulnerabilities that can be exploited by SQLmap or other similar tools.

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