Nmap is an open source tool used to scan networks and discover devices connected to them, playing an important role in penetration testing and network management. It is characterized by its ability to identify active devices, discover open ports, identify running services, and identify operating systems, in addition to the ability to bypass firewalls through advanced scanning techniques. Nmap also supports the NSE programming language, which enables advanced scanning such as vulnerability detection. In the field of cybersecurity, Nmap is used to collect information during the reconnaissance phase, discover devices with weak ports, and test security defenses such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems. To protect against Nmap scans, it is recommended to close unnecessary ports, use firewalls to prevent unauthorized scans, and activate intrusion detection systems to monitor and block any suspicious scanning attempts when necessary.

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