Ncrack is an open source tool used for brute force penetration testing of authentication systems. It supports multiple protocols and services such as SSH, RDP, FTP, HTTP, MySQL, Telnet, VNC, and SMB, making it a powerful tool for assessing password security on different networks and systems. It is also characterized by its ability to perform simultaneous attacks and its high speed in trying credentials, which makes it useful for penetration testing, but dangerous if misused. The potential harms of this tool are that it may be used to hack weak accounts with simple passwords, which leads to unauthorized access to systems. It can also cause stress on targeted servers, which leads to consuming their resources and slowing down or disabling them. It may also be used to target administrator accounts, which allows the attacker to take complete control of the system. To protect against these risks, it is recommended to enable login restrictions using tools such as fail2ban to block IP addresses after a certain number of failed attempts. It is also necessary to use two-factor authentication (2FA) to add an additional layer of protection to sensitive accounts, in addition to setting strong, long passwords that are difficult to guess. It is also preferable to enable login via SSH keys instead of regular passwords when using remote services and to constantly monitor security logs to detect any suspicious login attempts and take the necessary actions immediately.

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